Images by Genevieve Carbonatto A young 33 year old woman presents with 4 days of abdominal pain. She is now febrile and vomiting. She has previously been well. An ultrasound of her RUQ shows acalculous cholecystitis. While acalculous cholecystitis is usually associated with risk factors such as extensive burns, polytrauma, major surgery, end stage renal disease , Read more about Acalculous cholecystitis[…]
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto Measurement of the aorta should be made outer wall to outer wall in the transverse and longitudinal view. It is important to start as proximally as possible in the abdomen when examining the aorta. Most abdominal aortic aneurysms are infrarenal. Proximal aorta just below the SMA is 2.32 cm and millimeters inferior Read more about AAA thrombus[…]
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto Abdominal dissections are more common than ruptured aortic aneurysms. They are the most common aortic emergencies. The true lumen is often smaller than the false lumen as it is compressed by the false lumen. In most cases the aorta is not aneurysmal and will be less than 3cm in diameter. Ultrasound is Read more about Dissection[…]
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto Hypovolaemia ,”kissing” ventricular walls in PLAX view. Posterior wall of LV and IVS come together in systole PLAX LV Kissing walls Hypovolaemia PSAX at level of papillary muscle kissing walls, cavity obliteration due to hypovolaemia Apical 4-chamber view small LV cavity. Lung ultrasound: Consolidation, shred sign and sub-pleural B-lines Read more about Sepsis[…]
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto Off axis PLAX left ventricle, (LV) in a “Cavus Excavatum” chest with a prolapse of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, (MVP). Off axis PLAX in a “Cavus Excavatum” chest with colour across the mitral valve, (MVP). Note that the colour jet is directed posteriorly with an anterior leaflet MVP. Apical Read more about Anterior mitral valve prolapse[…]
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto Parasternal long axis, (PLAX) of the left ventricle showing thickened LV walls and reduced ejection fraction. Measurements of the interventricular septum, (IVS) and LV infero-lateral (posterior) wall (LVPW) should be measured in a straight line across the minor axis of the LV. The measurements should be performed at end diastole, the Read more about Amyloidosis[…]
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto Parasternal long axis, (PLAX) left ventricle showing a small circumferential pericardial effusion ending anteriorly to the descending thoracic aorta, (D.Th.A.). The D.Th.A. is the anatomical landmark to differentiate between a pericardial and a pleural effusion. The pericardial effusion is trivial anterior to the RV anterior wall. There is also a suggestion of Read more about Pericardial effusion and pleural effusion[…]
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto Frozen image of the apical 4-chamber view showing a moderate circumferential pericardial effusion containing fibrinous strands shown by the solid white arrow. There are strands throughout the effusion. Parasternal long axis (PLAX) Left ventricle showing a moderate circumferential pericardial effusion. Apical 4-chamber view showing a moderate circumferential pericardial effusion containing fibrinous strands. Read more about Pericardial effusion with fibrinous strands[…]
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto 5 chamber view shows large pericardial effusion and right ventricular wall and right atrial wall collapse Parasternal long axis left ventricle showing a circumferential pericardial effusion. It is small anteriorly but moderate posteriorly. Parasternal short axis left ventricle at the level of the papillary muscles with a large circumferential pericardial effusion. Parasternal Read more about Large pericardial effusion[…]
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto Large circumferential pericardial effusion, best seen on moving clips Parasternal long axis of the left ventricle demonstrating a moderate circumferential pericardial effusion. No echo evidence of cardiac tamponade on this view. RV contracts in systole and relaxes in diastole, no collapse evident. Apical 4-chamber demonstrating circumferential pericardial effusion. No definite echo signs Read more about Pericardial Effusion[…]