Question 2 You are a consultant in charge in a tertiary emergency department at 2300 hrs. You overhear a junior medical officer who recently commenced night shift- asking a nursing staff member to arrange the discharge of a 72 year-old man, whom he has diagnosed with renal calculi. Nursing staff express [...]
Question 3: a ) State the two (2) features of Inferior vena cava measurement by Ultrasound that supports a reduced central venous pressure measurement. (2 marks) IVC less than 1 cm Collapsibility index of > 50% b ) State four (4) limitations to the use of inferior vena cava measurement [...]
Question 4. Describe abnormalities that you could expect to see on a focused ultrasound scan of a heart in Pericardial Effusion PE Sepsis Percardial effusion • Echofree space if effusion anechoic within pericardial space. Effusion may be echoic if it is blood or pus • Effusion may be circumferential or [...]
Question 5 What findings on transvaginal ultrasound would indicate ectopic pregnancy should be considered? • Empty uterus – no gestational sac • May have pseudosac – blood collection in uterus • Complex adnexal mass • May see ectopic pregnancy “ bagel sign” +/- Corpus luteal cyst which is often ipsilateral [...]
Question 6 43 year old male with recent ORIF of right tibial fracture. He is 6 weeks post op and the post operative splint has been removed. He was diagnosed 4 days ago with 5cm thrombus in anterior tibial vein on formal ultrasound in the vascular lab. Given the DVT [...]
Images Genevieve Carbonatto, text Genevieve Carbonatto An 80 year old lady presents to the Emergency Department with a 4 month history of feeling unwell on and off associated with a 4 kg weight loss during that time. She presented acutely because the night before she developed mild abdominal pain and [...]
Dr Daniel Lichtenstein spent a weekend in Australia to talk about whole body ultrasound with a special emphasis on lung ultrasound. It was a fabulous weekend and 12 of us had the opportunity of scanning with him on the wards. Lung ultrasound seems at times so simple, yet when [...]
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto. Hourglass gallbladder (GB) . One of the 3 types of GB wall thickening seen in adenomyomatosis http://www.criticalcare-sonography.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Produce_96.mp4 There is focal mural segmental thickening of the mid body of the gallbladder. This has been referred to as hourglass gallbladder .
Images by Genevieve Carbonatto These are reverberation artifacts produced because sound waves reverberate between the cholesterol crystals and the wall of the gallbladder. http://www.criticalcare-sonography.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Produce_94.mp4 Colour Doppler: The wall of the GB seems to light up like a christmas tree due to these reverberation artifacts. [...]
